Gingival hyperplasia
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Hyperplastic gingiva is a pathological condition characterized by the excessive growth of gingival tissue. This overgrowth can cover the crowns of teeth, causing difficulties in eating, increasing the risk of plaque accumulation and inflammation, and potentially leading to pain and discomfort for the animal.
Causes of Hyperplastic Gingiva
Genetic predisposition – Certain breeds, such as Boxers, Spaniels, and Bulldogs, are more prone to this condition.
Chronic inflammation – Prolonged gingivitis caused by plaque and tartar buildup often leads to excessive tissue growth.
Medications – Some medications, such as immunosuppressants, can trigger hyperplastic gingiva in susceptible animals.
Hormonal or systemic diseases – Hormonal imbalances or systemic disorders can also contribute to the development of gingival hyperplasia.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on removing the excessive tissue and addressing the underlying cause:
Gingivectomy: Surgical removal of the overgrown gingival tissue is the most common procedure. This restores normal gingival contours and allows proper function of the teeth.
Dental cleaning: A professional cleaning to remove tartar and plaque helps reduce inflammation. Maintaining oral hygiene is crucial to prevent recurrence.
Treatment of underlying conditions: If medications are causing the condition, the veterinarian may recommend adjustments or alternative drugs. For systemic diseases, managing the primary issue is essential.
Prevention
Prevention of hyperplastic gingiva relies on regular oral care, including at-home tooth brushing and professional dental cleanings performed by a veterinarian. For predisposed breeds, more frequent oral exams are advisable.
Hyperplastic gingiva can significantly impact an animal’s quality of life, but with timely intervention and proper care, it is a manageable condition.